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Methane is the world's second-largest greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide, making comprehensive control of methane emissions of great significance. In recent years, my country has attached great importance to methane emission control, actively committed to methane emission reduction, and taken pragmatic actions, with a series of methane emission reduction initiatives continuously advancing.

Methane, the second largest greenhouse gas globally after carbon dioxide, is characterized by its high warming potential and short lifespan. The Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states that over a 100-year period, methane's global warming potential is 28 times that of carbon dioxide, and its residence time in the atmosphere is approximately 9.1 years. Since the industrial era, atmospheric methane concentration has increased from 722 ppb in 1750 to 1840 ppb in 2015, exceeding pre-industrial levels by more than 155%, and continues to rise. The report identifies the increase in ruminant populations, the extraction and use of fossil fuels, the expansion of rice cultivation, and increased landfilling as the main causes of this increase. The report also estimates that anthropogenic emissions account for 50% to 65% of global methane emissions.

Today, agricultural environmental monitoring via remote sensing satellites is receiving increasing attention, especially for monitoring crop growth, soil environment, crop pests and diseases, agricultural land use status, and agricultural conditions. The monitoring technology is becoming increasingly mature. Remote sensing satellites can quickly and accurately acquire ground information. Combined with other modern high technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS), they can achieve timely, quantitative, and location-based collection and analysis of agricultural information. This provides strong objectivity, is free from human interference, facilitates agricultural decision-making, and makes the development of precision agriculture possible.

Once remote sensing satellites acquire digital images of the Earth and transmit them back to Earth, the next step is the processing of these digital images. Digital remote sensing images are images in digital form. Different areas and features on the Earth's surface can reflect or radiate electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths; utilizing this characteristic, remote sensing systems can generate different digital remote sensing images.

Currently, conventional methods for detecting atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations include ground-based observation and satellite detection. For monitoring methane concentrations in the atmosphere, ground-based monitoring stations suffer from limitations such as dispersed distribution and limited monitoring range. Satellite observation, however, effectively overcomes the spatial limitations of ground-based observation, achieving high-precision global coverage with high spatiotemporal resolution, enabling global monitoring and tracking of CH4 emissions. It boasts advantages such as wide coverage, high speed, and stable cycles. Therefore, under the national policy environment of sustainable development and dual-carbon issues, satellite remote sensing monitoring technology has begun to develop rapidly.

Climate change is a major challenge facing humankind today. my country's "dual-carbon strategy"—aiming to peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060—is a crucial strategic decision for achieving sustainable development. In this process, utilizing remote sensing satellites to achieve precise monitoring of greenhouse gases is an important way for my country to achieve its "dual-carbon" goals.

The ocean plays a vital role in global climate and weather change and is a fundamental component of the global life support system. In recent years, to acquire ocean-related data and conduct comprehensive analysis, researchers have begun to fully utilize ocean remote sensing satellites to achieve effective observation of the marine environment and climate. Today, with the continuous development of human technology, ocean remote sensing satellites are playing an increasingly important role in marine fisheries and related fields, demonstrating broad application prospects and enormous application potential.

As the "nerve center" of Earth remote sensing satellites, the ground application system is the terrestrial communication component of the satellite communication system, providing control and data support for the entire spacecraft. During satellite observation, the satellite and the ground application system must work together, making it an integral part of the space-ground system. In recent years, with the continuous advancement of satellite technology and the massive increase in data volume, severe challenges have been posed to the timeliness, functionality, and accuracy of the ground application system.

In the process of remote sensing satellites using remote sensing technology and equipment to observe land cover and natural phenomena, the location, time, and data transmission times of the satellite observations all require operational management by the ground system. After satellite remote sensing data is transmitted to the ground receiving station through the satellite data transmission system, it needs to undergo a series of operations such as format decoding, decompression, and image data processing to produce usable image products. These operations are all performed by the remote sensing satellite ground system.

In recent years, as an important supplement and driving force to the development of my country's aerospace industry, the commercial aerospace industry has been experiencing strong growth. Among them, remote sensing satellite products, with their unique advantages such as multi-temporal, wide coverage, and three-dimensional capabilities, have become one of the fastest-spreading, most influential, and most promising technological resources in the information age. With the gradual opening up of national industrial policies, more and more private capital is entering the remote sensing industry. Commercial remote sensing satellites, which are for profit and widely used in the commercial market and are mainly invested in by market companies, are gradually gaining favor with capital. As a result, the production and launch of commercial satellites in my country are also accelerating.