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Drought is a long-term, potential natural disaster characterized by prolonged and abnormal water shortages. It has a severe impact on the economy, the ecological environment, and especially agricultural production. Therefore, monitoring crop water status and related physiological parameters is crucial for improving crop yields and optimizing water resource utilization.

In precision agriculture practices, plot boundaries are the most fundamental planting data. They provide a link between all crop data and the real world, provide accurate geographical boundaries for plot-level growth statistics and analysis, and also provide a foundation for analyzing plot area changes and long-term monitoring of crops at various phenological stages.

With the continuous advancement of agricultural modernization, technological development plays an increasingly important role in improving crop yield and quality, as well as reducing resource waste and environmental pollution. Against this backdrop, crop growth monitoring methods based on hyperspectral imaging are becoming a hot topic in agricultural monitoring.

The Dalad Top-Runner Photovoltaic Power Station is located in Dalad Banner, Inner Mongolia, in a mid-latitude region around 40 degrees north latitude. Winter temperatures are low and snowfall is frequent. Accumulated snow reflects sunlight, and ice easily forms on the tempered glass surface of the photovoltaic panels beneath the snow, which is difficult to melt quickly, blocking sunlight and severely impacting power generation efficiency. A reasonable and economical method for rapid snow melting and removal not only helps increase the power generation of the photovoltaic power station and reduces operation and maintenance workload and costs, but also has significant application value.

The Kunming Lake project is located in the southern part of Fengdong New City, with a planned area west of the Luocheng Expressway, east of the Fenghe River, and north of the Xi'an-Hanzhong Expressway. The Kunming Lake project in Fengdong New City will utilize the abundant water resources of the Fenghe River to restore and construct a 6,500-mu (approximately 433 hectares) lake, creating a large-scale, green, and scenic resort and leisure tourism area in Xi'an. It aims to develop a harmonious waterfront residential model themed around ecological and cultural tourism, with residential living as the core, and integrating culture, tourism, and leisure, thus building a water ecological civilization area.

Ice floes are ice blocks that move along with the river water before the river freezes over. Since moving ice is called "ice floes," ice moving on the water surface or in a body of water is called ice floe. Ice floes can be divided into winter ice floes and spring thawing ice floes. The former is mainly composed of ice flowers and ice clumps, while the latter is mainly composed of broken ice. This refers to ice floes formed before the river freezes over.

In recent years, with the increasing severity of environmental problems, people have paid more and more attention to environmental protection. Vegetation, as an important component of the Earth's ecosystem, plays a vital role in environmental protection. Vegetation index remote sensing monitoring technology is a method that can obtain vegetation status through satellite remote sensing images, and its application in environmental protection is becoming increasingly widespread.

Snow cover is an active systemic variable in Earth's climate change, not only an important indicator of global climate change but also closely related to Earth's energy balance, atmospheric cycle, water cycle, and carbon and nitrogen cycle. Its high reflectivity, high cold storage capacity, enormous latent heat of phase transition, and role as a source and sink of greenhouse gases make it play a crucial role in the Earth's surface energy balance. Quantitative remote sensing technology is the primary means of acquiring snow cover information to monitor snow cover changes, assess its response to climate change, and conduct snow cover hydrological research. Satellite remote sensing is widely used in the field of snow cover research.

Today, human activities and rapid economic development have led to increasingly serious water pollution, which not only affects the environmental landscape but also adversely impacts residents' lives. How to effectively monitor and control water pollution, ensure water quality, and improve the human living environment has become one of the hot research topics for domestic scholars.

Kom Umbu, located in Aswan Governorate, is situated in southern Egypt, on the upper Nile River, near Lake Nasser. It is an important city and oasis along the Nile, with a well-developed irrigated agriculture sector, primarily cultivating cotton, grains, and economic forests, making it a mixed agricultural region. Due to differences in leaf and canopy structure, traditional single vegetation indices cannot simultaneously cover forestry and agriculture; therefore, a combination of indices is necessary for assessment.