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In remote sensing technology, vegetation indices are commonly used methods for extracting vegetation information. Vegetation indices are characteristic quantities calculated from the reflectance of visible and near-infrared bands, reflecting the degree and growth status of surface vegetation cover. Commonly used vegetation indices include the Naturalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Difference Vegetation Index (DVI), and the VI (Virtualization Index).

The Benban Solar Power Plant is located in the Benban region of Aswan Governorate, Egypt, a desert area approximately 650 kilometers south of Cairo and 40 kilometers northwest of Aswan. With a total capacity of 1650 megawatts, it is Egypt's first large-scale photovoltaic power plant and currently the world's fourth largest solar power plant. Construction began in February 2018 and was completed in November 2019. The plant covers an area of ​​37.2 square kilometers and cost US$4 billion.

The Boguty tungsten mine, constructed by China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation, is located in the Ulikan-Bakuta Mountains of Almaty Region, Kazakhstan, 180 kilometers from Almaty and 150 kilometers from the Khorgos border crossing in Xinjiang. It is one of China's top ten tungsten mines outside of China and a world-class super-large open-pit tungsten mine with an annual output of approximately 5 million tons of tungsten ore.

With economic development and accelerated industrialization and urbanization, air pollution has become a serious problem affecting people's health and socio-economic development. In recent years, smog in my country has continued to spread and intensify, showing an explosive trend. In 2013, smog affected 25 provinces and more than 100 large and medium-sized cities, with the national average number of smoggy days reaching 29.9 days, the highest in 52 years. The occurrence of smog in my country has become a year-round phenomenon and may persist for decades to come.

The Olympic City project, located in Tashkent, the eastern capital of Uzbekistan, is the largest sports complex in Central Asia, built in preparation for the 4th Asian Youth Games in 2025. It is undertaken by China National Machinery Industry Corporation (SINOMACH) International Engineering Co., Ltd. (SINOMACH International), a subsidiary of SINOMACH International. It is also the first large-scale cooperation project between China and Uzbekistan to be implemented after the SCO summit in Samarkand in 2022.

The wheat ripening process is divided into the milk stage, the waxy stage, and the full maturity stage. The final harvest standard for wheat is determined by the degree of maturity of the grains. Generally speaking, the harvest standard for wheat is the grain moisture content, and the general safe storage standard is 12.5%, although this indicator may vary slightly depending on the variety. In practice, wheat is often harvested when it reaches about 90% maturity.

Land surface temperature (LST), as a key physical quantity driving the exchange of matter and energy between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere, plays a crucial role in numerous fields, including climate change, environmental monitoring, evapotranspiration estimation, and geothermal anomaly exploration. As a key parameter for studying regional and global-scale land surface physical processes, LST directly participates in the calculation of related models such as global circulation models and surface parameters such as latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, and soil heat flux. LST is widely used in meteorology, geology, hydrology, ecology, agriculture, and urban heat island research. Particularly in the agricultural environment, LST is a fundamental parameter in many soil moisture and agricultural drought monitoring models. Therefore, timely and accurate acquisition of the spatiotemporal distribution of land surface temperature is vital for explaining and understanding global climate change.